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Αναγέννηση της μυϊκής μάζας με τη βοήθεια των βλαστοκυττάρων

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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
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ΒΛΑΣΤΟΚΥΤΤΑΡΑ, ΣΑΡΚΟΠΕΝΙΑ, ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ ΜΥΙΚΗΣ ΜΑΖΑΣ

Tη δυνατότητα της μελλοντικής χρήσης των βλαστοκυττάρων για την αναγέννηση της μυϊκής μάζας κατά την τρίτη ηλικία αναδεικνύουν δύο πρόσφατες έρευνες της Ιατρικής Σχολής του πανεπιστημίου Στάνφορντ και του πανεπιστημίου του Κολοράντο που δημοσιεύτηκαν στο ιατρικό περιοδικό Nature Medicine.


Η απώλεια μυϊκής μάζας ξεκινά σταδιακά από την ηλικία των 40 ετών και παρατηρείται εντονότερα σε άτομα τρίτη ηλικίας, με αποτέλεσμα τη δυσκολότερη αποκατάστασή τους μετά από έναν τραυματισμό ή ακόμη και τη σαρκοπενία αν το φαινόμενο είναι πολύ προχωρημένο. Επίσης, διάφορες ασθένειες, από τη μυϊκή δυστροφία έως τη νόσο Λου Γκέριγκ, επιφέρουν απώλεια των μυών. Σύμφωνα μάλιστα με πειράματα που έγιναν σε ποντίκια  τα δύο τρίτα περίπου των μυϊκών βλαστικών κυττάρων γίνονται δυσλειτουργικά με το πέρασμα του χρόνου.


Οι επιστήμονες αφαίρεσαν βλαστικά κύτταρα και κατάφεραν να τα κάνουν να ανανεωθούν έως και 60 φορές. Η παρέμβαση έγινε με ειδικές ουσίες που, είτε αναστέλλουν τη δράση της κινάσης p38 MAP, είτε ενισχύουν τη δράση της πρωτεΐνης FGFR-1. Στη συνέχεια, οι ερευνητές εμφύτευσαν αυτά τα ανανεωμένα βλαστικά κύτταρα ξανά στα ζώα και διαπίστωσαν ότι σε μεγάλο βαθμό υπήρξε αποκατάσταση των μυών τους. Δύο μήνες μετά τη μεταμόσχευση των βλαστικών κυττάρων, οι μύες των γέρικων ή τραυματισμένων ποντικιών εμφάνιζαν δυνάμεις ισοδύναμες με εκείνες των νεανικών και υγιών ζώων. Το επόμενο βήμα θα είναι να συνεχιστούν οι έρευνες για να διαπιστωθεί αν η ίδια τεχνική μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί με επιτυχία και στους ανθρώπους.


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