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Αγχώδεις διαταραχές και συμπτώματα

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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
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  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1285 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1254 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1285 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1254 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1285 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1254 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in view->render() (line 1285 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in drupal_alter() (line 1080 of /var/www/vhosts/www.iatronea.gr/httpdocs/includes/module.inc).
ΑΓΧΩΔΕΙΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΡΑΧΕΣ , ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ

Οι πιο συχνές αγχώδεις διαταραχές που αντιμετωπίζονται στην ψυχιατρική είναι η Διαταραχή Γενικευμένου Άγχους (ή Γενικευμένη Αγχώδης Διαταραχή), η διαταραχή πανικού, η Αγοραφοβία, οι ειδικές φοβίες, η κοινωνική φοβία. Όλες οι αγχώδεις διαταραχές έχουν μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα στις γυναίκες, εκτός από την κοινωνική φοβία.

Συμπτώματα έντονου άγχους περιλαμβάνουν υποκειμενικά συναισθήματα έντασης και εκνευρισμού, υπερβολικής λύπης, ευερεθιστότητας, νευρικότητας, δυσκολίας στη συγκέντρωση, διαταραχών ύπνου.

Επίσης μπορεί να υπάρχουν και σωματικά συμπτώματα, όπως αίσθημα παλμών, αίσθημα πνιγμού, τρόμος, ζάλη, κόπωση, δύσπνοια, πόνος στο στήθος, εφίδρωση.

Μπορεί να είναι παρόντα συμπτώματα αυξημένου επιπέδου συνείδησης, όπως αυξημένο αντανακλαστικό τρομάγματος και υπέρ-επαγρύπνηση. Άλλα συμπτώματα μπορεί να περιλαμβάνουν γνωσιακή δυσλειτουργία, όπως έλλειψη προσοχής και δυσκολία συγκέντρωσης.

Άτομα που βιώνουν άγχος τείνουν να αποφεύγουν καταστάσεις ή ερεθίσματα που σχετίζονται με το άγχος. Πολλές είναι οι καταστάσεις που θα πρέπει να περιλαμβάνονται στη διαφορική διάγνωση.

Το άγχος είναι κυρίαρχο κομμάτι και άλλων ψυχιατρικών διαταραχών, όπως της διεγερτικής κατάθλιψης, του ντελίριου, της άνοιας, της σχιζοφρένειας, των σχετιζόμενων με ψυχαναγκασμό-καταναγκασμό διαταραχών, του αυτισμού.

Ιατρικές καταστάσεις, όπως ανωμαλίες του θυρεοειδή αδένα, πρόπτωση μιτροειδούς, καρδιακές αρρυθμίες, υπογλυκαιμία, ίλιγγος, χρήση ή απόσυρση από ουσίες, νόσος Alzheimer, νόσος Parkinson, φαιοχρωμοκύτωμα, επιληψία οδηγούν συχνά σε άγχος.  Επίσης, η λήψη πολλών κοινών φαρμάκων μπορεί να προκαλέσει συμπτώματα άγχους.

ΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑ ΑΓΧΩΔΩΝ ΔΙΑΤΑΡΑΧΩΝ

Η ταυτοποίηση των συμπτωμάτων άγχους θα πρέπει να οδηγήσει στη διάγνωση της συγκεκριμένης αιτίας άγχους και, συνεπώς, στην κατάλληλη και ειδική θεραπεία.

Η θεραπεία των διαφορετικών αυτών διαταραχών συνήθως περιλαμβάνει φαρμακοθεραπεία ή ψυχοθεραπεία, αν και κύριος γνώμονας για την επιτυχία της θεραπείας αποτελεί η επιτυχημένη διάγνωση και η συνεργασία του ασθενή με το θεράποντα ιατρό.

Εξέχουσας σημασίας αποτελεί το γεγονός ότι: καμία διάγνωση για οποιαδήποτε αγχώδη διαταραχή δε μπορεί να γίνει από άλλον επιστήμονα υγείας εκτός του ιατρού και, συγκεκριμένα, μόνο του Ψυχιάτρου.

 

Αναστάσιος Παπακωνσταντίνου, Ψυχίατρος- Ψυχοθεραπευτής-Σεξολόγος

http://www.psyxiatros-athina.gr

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